Management of the Parameters of the Explosive Impact on the Soil Mass Due to the Use of Low-Density Explosives

Abstract

On the basis of numerical calculations of the problem of the explosion of cylindrical charges of explosive substances in soils, the dependences of maximum pressure, maximum and residual deformations for various types of explosive substances on time and distance are obtained. It is established that the lowest peak pressure with the longest duration of the explosive pulse is observed for charges based on foamed types of explosives, both conventional and treated with ultrasonic radiation. The maximum pressure of these types of explosives is 20–49% less, and the duration of the explosive impulse is in 3–3.5 times longer than compared to the standard low-density explosive – igdanite. The low value of the peak detonation pressure, achieved by reducing the density of explosives, reduces the volume concentration of the energy of the charges, which, in turn, increases the efficiency of the explosive transformation energy in the far zone. The growth time of the explosive impulse of charges based on foamed explosives, both conventional and treated with ultrasonic radiation, is in 2.47 times greater than for igdanite. It is found that in the near zone during the explosion of an igdanite charge, significantly higher values of hydrostatic pressure and maximum volumetric deformation are achieved than in the case of a foamed explosive explosion, which is a consequence of higher detonation characteristics of igdanite: density, pressure at the Jouget point, detonation rate. The time to reach the maximum pressure and deformation during an igdanite explosion is much shorter, because the detonation rate of igdanite is higher than that of foamed explosives. The parameters of shock waves during explosions of charges of new mixed explosives in the middle zone can be compared with the same parameters from traditional industrial explosives, such as igdanite, and in the far zone of the explosion, they exceed them. The difference in the maximum volumetric deformations in igdanite explosions is 7–15% compared to the explosions of foamed explosive and foamed explosive treated with ultrasound, respectively. When detonating a sonicated foamed explosive, the residual deformation is 9–10% greater than when detonating a non-sonicated foamed explosive charge.