Lokalizacja wlotów kratek ściekowych w celu zapewnienia skutecznego odwodnienia ulic w procesie projektowania ulic i planów nawierzchni w Bułgarii

Abstrakt

This study analyses the existing requirements and standards for determining the locations of grate inlets on streets in Bulgaria. Effective drainage in street design is essential for managing stormwater runoff and preventing urban areas from flooding during heavy rains. To choose optimal locations of grate inlets plays a crucial role in this process. Solving this task is related with designing street slopes in grading plans and designing sewer systems. This article presents an approach, based on successful practices used in the USA and Australia, by proposing a hydraulic based procedure for locating grate inlets in the design process. The technique is adopted to all Bulgarian requirements and standards. As a main criterion it is suggested to use the maximum allowable water spread on the pavement of the traffic lanes. The proposed method considers various factors, such as longitudinal and cross slope, size of grate inlet, design frequency period, intercepted and bypass flow. It starts with determination of the grate inlet locations on continuous grade, then incorporates the specific sag points in vertical curves and intersections. It can be used in the process of designing streets and their grading plans to optimize the drainage efficiency of streets in Bulgaria. It is hydraulic reasoned, very flexible, and easy to apply for different street sections with different features. Implementing this approach can solve the problem of unclarity in locating grate inlets in Bulgaria. Also, the presented procedure could be used as a base to fill gaps in the existing Bulgarian regulations and manuals, related to the drainage of streets in urban areas.